Resource Library
Reference guides on import documents, tax rules, and cross-border processes for dealers trading vehicles across Europe.
EX-A Export Declaration
What an EX-A export declaration is, when a vehicle sale needs one, and who files it to clear the vehicle for export outside the EU.
EX-A Export DeclarationEUR1 Certificate
How a EUR1 movement certificate can reduce or remove customs duty when exporting an EU-origin vehicle to a non-EU country.
EUR1 CertificateVAT Deposit Refund on Export
What the VAT deposit is when you buy a car to export outside the EU, how much it is, and how eCarsTrade returns it once customs confirms the exit.
VAT Deposit Refund on ExportTransit Plates & Temporary Registration in Europe
How transit plates work across EU countries, which plate type to use for a cross-border move, and where validity is limited.
Transit Plates & Temporary Registration in EuropeMargin vs VAT-Deductible Cars
How the margin scheme differs from a VAT-deductible sale, and what each means for the invoice a dealer receives.
Margin vs VAT-Deductible CarsFrench Malus Tax
How France's CO2 and weight malus are calculated in 2026, and how the malus is reduced on used cars imported into France.
French Malus TaxBPM Netherlands
How Dutch BPM is calculated, how depreciation lowers it on imported used cars, and how part of it comes back when a car is exported.
BPM NetherlandsKfz-Steuer (Germany)
How Germany's annual vehicle tax is calculated from engine size and CO2, and what applies to imported used cars and EVs.
Kfz-Steuer (Germany)IEDMT (Spain)
How Spain's registration tax is calculated from CO2 emissions and the car's age, who pays it, and when a refund may apply if the car leaves Spain.
IEDMT (Spain)Akcyza (Poland)
How Poland's excise duty on imported cars is calculated from engine size and drivetrain, how to declare and pay it, and when an exemption or refund may apply.
Akcyza (Poland)EU CO2 Emission Standards
How EU CO2 fleet targets and Euro emission classes affect stock buying decisions, and where low emission zones restrict older vehicles.
EU CO2 Emission StandardsLow-Emission Zones in Europe
Which emission stickers and zone rules apply in France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands and Poland, country by country.
Low-Emission Zones in EuropeEV Battery Leasing
Why some used EVs — mainly older Renault models — are sold with the battery on a separate monthly lease, and what that split means when you price and resell the car.
EV Battery Leasing
